Recent economic headlines show a mixed bag for the U.S. economy. According to Reuters, U.S. retail sales fell more sharply in May 2025 than economists expected. Meanwhile, manufacturing output barely moved, reinforcing concerns about slowing momentum. But what do these numbers actually mean in terms of economic impact?

With manufacturing accounting for over 15% of the U.S. economy, even small fluctuations can trigger enormous ripple effects. A 1% change in production across all manufacturing industries translates to a staggering 435,180 jobs and $67.4 billion in GDP. In other words, what looks like a mild industry movement on paper can drive major shifts in employment, output, and tax revenues.

Ongoing tariff policies are making these shifts even more volatile. Sectors like automobile manufacturing, aircraft manufacturing, and consumer goods are seeing unpredictable swings in production as firms attempt to get ahead of price hikes by stockpiling foreign-sourced inventory. Yet, despite tariff turbulence, manufacturing still shows signs of resilience, with year-over-year growth estimated at 0.5%. That modest gain equates to 3 million jobs and $484.9 billion in GDP. This is a massive impact that underlines the sector’s outsized role in the economy.

Zooming in on individual industries reveals just how significant a 1% shift can be:

• Automobile Manufacturing: A 1% change results in 26,510 jobs, $4.2 billion in GDP, $11.2 billion in output, and a $900.3 million tax impact.

• Aircraft Manufacturing: A 1% change results in 8,628 jobs, $1.7 billion in GDP, $3.2 billion in output, and a $334.2 million tax impact.

Meanwhile, U.S. consumer spending – nearly $20 trillion annually – is another critical force in the economic landscape. With student loan payments restarting and employment uncertainty on the rise (particularly in federal government and manufacturing sectors), spending could dip, adding more strain to already fragile industries.

Ultimately, whether these 1% shifts are gains or losses, their consequences are anything but minor. IMPLAN’s data makes clear: when it comes to industries as large and interconnected as manufacturing, even the smallest tremors can send shockwaves through the entire economy.